Canine Toxoplasme, known in Chinese as canine toxoplasmosis, is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii. Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular parasite that infects all warm-blooded animals, including dogs, and even humans are not immune. It is widely found in nature and has various ways of infection, posing a serious threat to the health of humans and animals.

Symptômes cliniques

Symptômes de la maladie canine toxoplasmose vary according to the stage of infection, age of the dog and immunity status. Acute infection is most common in young dogs, symptoms include elevated body temperature, depression, loss of appetite, visible mucous membrane pallor or yellow staining, pus discharge from the corners of the eyes, nasal discharge of plasma, and shallow and rapid breathing, etc. In severe cases, haemorrhagic diarrhoea may occur. Severe cases may show symptoms such as haemorrhagic diarrhoea, cramps or paralysis, and even lead to death. Adult dogs, on the other hand, may present with latent infections or asymptomatic forms, but long-term carriage of the worms poses a potential health risk.

In humans, especially pregnant women, immunocompromised individuals, or those with congenital defects, infection with Toxoplasma gondii may lead to severe cellular and neurological consequences. Congenital toxoplasmosis may be asymptomatic in infants at birth, but sequelae such as retinal choroiditis, strabismus, blindness, and seizures may follow. Acquired toxoplasmosis, on the other hand, may present with systemic symptoms such as acute lymphadenitis, high fever, maculopapular rash, myalgia, and arthralgia.

Infectiousness of canine Toxoplasme 

Toxoplasmosis in dogs is highly contagious, mainly spreading through contact infection, consumption of contaminated raw meat or water sources. In addition, after the mother is infected with Toxoplasma gondii, it can be transmitted to the foetus through the placenta, causing congenital infection. Cats are not only hosts of Toxoplasma gondii, but also important transmitters as they excrete faeces containing Toxoplasma gondii oocysts, contaminating the environment and thus increasing the risk of infection in other animals and humans.

Diagnostic methods of canine Toxoplasma for dogs

Diagnostic methods for canine toxoplasmosis mainly include serological testing, pathogenetic testing and molecular biology testing. Serological testing determines whether a dog is infected by detecting toxoplasmosis antibodies in its serum. Pathogenetic testing is done by collecting faecal, blood or tissue samples from the dog for microscopic observation or culture to look for Toxoplasma gondii bodies or oocysts. Molecular biology testing uses PCR and other techniques to detect Toxoplasma gondii DNA in the sample, which is highly sensitive and specific. SaberVet Toxoplasma Antibody Rapid Test offered by Antigenne will be a good choice.

Prevention methods of canine Toxoplasma

The key to preventing canine toxoplasmosis lies in cutting off the means of transmission and improving the immunity of animals and humans. The following are some effective preventive measures:

Vaccination: Effective vaccination is an important means to prevent canine toxoplasmosis. The vaccine activates the immune system and produces antibodies to fight the infection, reducing the incidence of the disease.

Avoid contact with the source of infection: Reduce contact with potentially infected animals, especially pet cats. At the same time, maintain good hygiene habits, wash hands frequently and avoid direct contact with potentially contaminated environments such as soil, gardens or cat litter trays.

Dietary management: Pay attention to food safety and avoid feeding raw meat or undercooked food to dogs. Drinking water sources should also be kept clean to avoid contamination.

Regular testing and deworming: Take your dog for regular health checks to detect and treat potential infections. Meanwhile, regular deworming should be carried out according to veterinary advice to reduce the risk of infection.

Traitement

Treatment of canine toxoplasmosis mainly includes medication and supportive therapy. Pharmacological treatment mainly uses antiparasitic drugs, such as sulfonamides and acetaminophen, to kill Toxoplasma gondii in the body. Supportive treatment involves replenishing body fluids, electrolytes and nutrients to maintain the dog’s vital signs stable. For severe cases, hospitalisation may be required for more comprehensive care and monitoring.

During the course of treatment, close attention needs to be paid to changes in the dog’s condition and timely adjustment of the treatment plan. At the same time, care should be taken to prevent secondary infections and other complications to ensure that the dogs can recover successfully.

Résumé

Canine toxoplasmose is a serious zoonotic parasitic disease that poses a threat to the health of dogs and humans. By understanding the concept, clinical symptoms, infectiousness, diagnostic methods, preventive methods and treatment methods, we can better understand and cope with this disease. In our daily life, we should focus on prevention, cut off the transmission channels and improve the immunity of animals and humans. For cases that have been infected, we should seek medical treatment in time and take effective treatment measures to ensure that the dogs can recover as soon as possible.

With the deepening of medical research and the advancement of technology, we believe that in the future, we will find more effective ways to prevent and treat canine toxoplasmosis to protect the health of dogs and humans.

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