설명

The H9 antigen in Avian Influenza Virus (AIV) is another important serotype, especially the H9N2 subtype, which has a significant impact on poultry and is also a potential threat to humans.

Characteristics and antigenicity

특성

게놈 구조:

The H9 antigen belongs to the Influenza A Virus, whose genome consists of eight single-stranded negative-stranded RNA segments, each encoding one or more proteins.

The H9 antigen mainly involves the Hemagglutinin (HA) protein, which is responsible for viral adhesion and entry into host cells.

Hemagglutinin protein:

The HA protein is a glycoprotein on the surface of the virus and is classified into 16 serotypes (H1-H16), of which H9 is one.

HA proteins are responsible for binding to receptors on the surface of host cells and mediate viral entry into the cell.

Antigenic Mutation:

Avian influenza viruses are prone to antigenic drift and antigenic switching, leading to the emergence and prevalence of new subtypes.H9N2 is one of the most representative and widespread H9 subtypes.

Immunogenicity: H9 antigens are highly immunogenic and can induce the host to produce neutralising antibodies against HA proteins. Neutralising antibodies prevent the virus from entering host cells, thus providing immune protection.

Cross-reactivity:

There may be some crossimmune response between different H9 subtypes, but usually the cross-protection is limited.

Immune escape is more prevalent due to antigenic variability, posing a challenge to vaccine development.

임상 증상 및 질병 중증도

가금류의 증상

저병원성 조류 인플루엔자(LPAI):

Mild symptoms: Poultry infected with H9N2 viruses usually show mild respiratory symptoms such as coughing, sneezing, and lacrimation.

Decreased egg production: Infected hens show a significant decrease in egg production and deterioration in eggshell quality.

Loss of appetite: sick birds lose appetite and are depressed.

Complications: other bacterial or viral infections may complicate and aggravate the disease.

고병원성 조류 인플루엔자(HPAI):

The H9 subtype is generally not highly pathogenic, but in some cases, poultry infected with H9N2 may show more severe symptoms, especially when co-infections with other pathogens are present.

Symptoms in humans

Mild respiratory infection:

Fever, cough, sore throat, nasal congestion, runny nose, and other cold-like symptoms.

Severe symptoms: less common, but may lead to severe symptoms such as severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome.

전송 경로

직접 연락:

Poultry-to-poultry transmission: through direct contact with infected poultry or their secretions and excretions.

Human-poultry contact: humans are infected with the virus through direct contact with infected poultry or their secretions and excretions.

Environmental transmission:

The virus can be spread indirectly through contaminated water, feed, utensils, etc.

Airborne transmission: the virus can be transmitted through airborne droplets, especially in confined and poorly ventilated environments.

임상 진단

임상 증상 관찰:

Initial diagnosis based on typical symptoms in poultry or humans.

실험실 테스트:

PCR: Detection of viral RNA in respiratory samples by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) is a rapid and sensitive test.

Virus isolation: Virus is isolated from sick birds or patient samples for culture and identification of the virus.

혈청학적 검사: 감염 및 면역 반응 평가를 위해 혈구 응집 억제(HI) 또는 효소 결합 면역 흡착 분석법(ELISA)을 사용하여 혈청에서 항체를 검출합니다.

신속 진단 시약: 초기 선별을 위해 신속 항원 검출 키트를 사용하지만 실험실 확인이 필요합니다.

예방 조치

예방 조치

Vaccination: Vaccinate poultry with avian influenza vaccine against the H9 subtype, especially in high-risk areas. Regularly update the vaccine strain to cope with antigenic variation of the virus.

생물보안 조치: 새로 도입되는 가금류에 대한 검역, 인력 및 장비 소독, 가금류 농장에 대한 인력 및 차량 출입 제한 등 생물보안 조치를 엄격하게 시행합니다.

가금류 농장 안팎의 질병 상황을 정기적으로 모니터링하고 적시에 예방 및 통제 조치를 취하세요.

관리 조치

All-in-all-out: Adopt an all-in-all-out feeding management mode to avoid mixing different batches of poultry. It helps to reduce the spread of virus among poultry.

Isolation and quarantine: newly introduced poultry should be isolated and quarantined to ensure that they are not infected with H9 subtype virus. Regular health checks should be conducted to detect and treat infected poultry in a timely manner.

Personnel training: Raise awareness and preventive and control skills of keepers and veterinarians on H9 subtype avian influenza.

치료 조치

There is no specific drug against H9 subtype avian influenza virus infection. The mainstay of treatment is symptomatic, providing supportive care and proper nutrition.

오셀타미비르(타미플루) 및 자나미비르(렐렌자) 같은 항바이러스제를 사용하면 증상 완화에 도움이 될 수 있지만 효과는 제한적입니다.

제어 조치

Culling of infected poultry: Rapidly cull infected and suspected infected poultry to prevent spread of the virus.

Thoroughly clean and disinfect contaminated environment, equipment and utensils.

가금류 거래를 엄격하게 통제합니다: 바이러스 확산을 방지하기 위해 발병 지역의 가금류 및 가금류 제품의 거래를 제한하거나 금지합니다.

조류 인플루엔자 바이러스 H9 항원 신속 검사

안티젠 has developed the Avian Influenza Virus H9 Antigen Rapid Test, which is a fast, easy-to-use and highly accurate test that can effectively help users detect relevant viral infections.