Bovine foot-and-mouth disease virus (Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus, FMDV) type O is an important type of virus causing foot-and-mouth disease, foot-and-mouth disease is a highly contagious animal disease, which causes serious economic losses to the livestock industry.

1.Clinical symptoms

Acute symptoms:

Fever: body temperature rises above 40°C at the beginning of the disease.

Oral blisters and ulcers: blisters appear on the oral mucosa, tongue, lips, gums, hard palate and other parts of the mouth, and ulcers are formed after the blisters rupture.

Hoof blisters and ulcers: blisters appear at the crown of the hoof, the skin between the hooves, the hoof toes, and the ball of the hoof, rupture of the blisters and formation of ulcers, leading to lameness.

Udder blisters and ulcers: blisters appear on the cow’s teats and udder skin, rupturing to form ulcers, leading to decreased milk production.

Salivation: the sick animal salivates a lot, the saliva is sticky, sometimes with blood.

Chronic symptoms:

Lameness and swollen joints: lameness is common during the recovery period and there may be chronic ulcers and deformities on the hooves.

Growth and development affected: the growth and development and production performance of cattle may be affected for a long time after the disease has recovered.

2.Transmission

Direct contact: through contact with saliva, nasal fluid, milk, urine, feces and other body fluids of infected animals.

Indirect contact: through the virus contaminated feed, water, utensils, vehicles, clothing and other transmission.

Airborne transmission: The virus can be transmitted through the air, especially in high humidity and windy environments, the transmission distance can reach tens of kilometers.

Vertical transmission: the virus can be transmitted to the fetus through the placenta.

3.Clinical diagnosis

History and symptoms: preliminary judgment based on the clinical symptoms and history of the animal.

Laboratory tests:

Virus isolation: virus is isolated from diseased tissues (e.g. blister fluid, oral cavity and hoof tissues).

PCR assay: detection of viral RNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique to determine the type of infection.

Serological testing: Detection of viral antibodies in serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine whether there has been previous infection or vaccination.

Bovine Foot and Mouth Diseases Virus Serotype-O Antibody Rapid Test

Antigenne has developed a bovine FMD virus type O antibody test card for testing bovine serum/plasma samples, which is fast, easy to operate and highly accurate, and can be used as an effective means for users to detect FMD in cattle.